UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

(Mark One)

OR

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

OR

For the transition period from to

OR

Date of event requiring this shell company report

Commission file number: 001-38806

Jiayin Group Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

N/A

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Cayman Islands

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

18th Floor, Building No. 1, Youyou Century Plaza,

428 South Yanggao Road, Pudong

New Area, Shanghai 200122

People’s Republic of China

(Address of principal executive offices)

Chunlin Fan, Chief Financial Officer

Tel: 86 21-6190-6826

E-mail: fanchunlin@jiayinfintech.cn

18th Floor, Building No. 1, Youyou Century Plaza,

428 South Yanggao Road, Pudong

New Area, Shanghai 200122

People’s Republic of China

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

* Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing on The Nasdaq Stock Market of American depositary shares.

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the Issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

There were 212,129,944 ordinary shares outstanding, consisting of 104,129,944 Class A ordinary shares and 108,000,000 Class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.000000005 per share, as of December 31, 2023.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards † provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ☐ No ☐

table of contents

INTRODUCTION

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires in this annual report on Form 20-F:

Our reporting currency is the Renminbi because our business is mainly conducted in China and all of our revenues are denominated in Renminbi. This annual report contains translations of Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollars at specific rates solely for the convenience of the reader. The conversion of Renminbi into U.S. dollars in this annual report is based on the rate certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from Renminbi to U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars to Renminbi in this annual report were made at RMB 7.0999 to US$1.00, the noon buying rate on December 29, 2023 set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board. We make no representation that any Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate, the rates stated below, or at all. The PRC government imposes control over its foreign currency reserves in part through direct regulation of the conversion of Renminbi into foreign exchange and through restrictions on foreign trade.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report on Form 20-F contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and views of future events. Known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those listed under “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors,” may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995.

You can identify some of these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “is/are likely to,” “potential,” “continue” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include statements relating to:

These forward-looking statements involve various risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that our expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, our expectations may later be found to be incorrect. Our actual results could be materially different from our expectations. You should thoroughly read this annual report and the documents that we refer to with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect. In addition, the rapidly changing nature of the online consumer finance industry results in significant uncertainties for any projections or estimates relating to the growth prospects or future condition of our market. Furthermore, if any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data are later found to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this annual report relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

PART I

Jiayin Group Inc. is a Cayman Islands holding company primarily operating in China through (i) its PRC subsidiaries, including Shanghai Kunjia Technology Co., Ltd., or Shanghai Kunjia, and Shanghai Chuangzhen Technology Co., Ltd., or Chuangzhen Technology, and its subsidiaries in which we hold equity ownership interests, and (ii) contractual arrangements among (x) Shanghai Kunjia, (y) the consolidated variable interest entity, or the consolidated VIE, namely, Shanghai Jiayin Technology Co., Ltd., or Jiayin Technology, a limited liability company established under PRC law, and (z) the shareholders of the consolidated VIE. Jiayin Group Inc. does not hold any equity interest in the consolidated VIE. Investors in the ADSs thus are not purchasing, and may never hold, equity interests in the consolidated VIE. PRC laws, regulations, and rules restrict and impose conditions on direct foreign investment in China-based companies that engage in certain types of business, and we therefore operate these businesses in China through the VIE structure which provides investors with exposure to foreign investment in the Chinese operating companies. For a summary of these contractual arrangements, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure.” As used in this annual report, “we,” “us” or “our” refers to Jiayin Group Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Our corporate structure is subject to risks relating to our contractual arrangements with Jiayin Technology and its shareholders. These contractual arrangements have not been tested in a court of law. If the PRC government finds these contractual arrangements non-compliant with the restrictions on direct foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if the relevant PRC laws, regulations, and rules or the interpretation thereof change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our beneficial interest in the consolidated VIE or forfeit our rights under the contractual arrangements. Jiayin Group Inc., the VIE Group and investors of our company face uncertainty about potential future actions by the PRC government, which could affect the enforceability of our contractual arrangements with Jiayin Technology and, consequently, significantly affect the financial condition and results of operations of Jiayin Group Inc. If we are unable to claim our right to control the assets of the consolidated VIE, the ADSs may decline in value or become worthless. In addition, changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions, or government policies may cause our and the consolidated VIE’s underlying operations in China to become prohibitive, which could materially and adversely affect our and the consolidated VIE’s business, financial condition, and results of operations. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure.”

We face various legal and operational risks and uncertainties relating to doing business in China. We operate our business primarily in China, and are subject to complex and evolving PRC laws and regulations. The recent statements and regulatory actions by China’s government, such as those related to the use of data security, anti-monopoly concerns, and the regulatory approvals on overseas listings, may impact our ability to conduct the business, accept foreign investments and/or list on a U.S. or other foreign exchange. Uncertainties in the PRC legal system and the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws and regulations could limit the legal protection available to you and us, hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer the ADSs, result in a material adverse effect on our business operations, and damage our reputation, which might further cause the ADSs to significantly decline in value or become worthless. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China.”

On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report notifying the Commission of its determinations that they are unable to inspect or investigate completely PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and in Hong Kong. The report sets forth lists identifying the registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, respectively, that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it was able to conduct inspections and investigations completely of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong in 2022. The PCAOB vacated its previous determinations issued in December 2021 accordingly. We do not expect to be identified as a “Commission-Identified Issuer” under the HFCAA for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 after we file our annual report on Form 20-F for such fiscal year. However, whether the PCAOB will continue to conduct inspections and investigations completely to its satisfaction of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainty and depends on a number of factors out of our, and our auditor’s, control, including positions taken by authorities of the PRC. The PCAOB is required under the HFCAA to make its determination on an annual basis with regards to its ability to inspect and investigate completely accounting firms based in the mainland China and Hong Kong. The possibility of being a “Commission-Identified Issuer” and risk of delisting could continue to adversely affect the trading price of our securities. Should the PCAOB again encounter impediments to inspections and investigations in mainland China or Hong Kong as a result of positions taken by any authority in either jurisdiction, the PCAOB will make determinations under the HFCAA as and when appropriate.

In addition, on December 29, 2022, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 was signed into law, which, among others, amended the HFCAA to reduce the number of consecutive years an issuer can be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer before the SEC must impose an initial trading prohibition on the issuer’s securities from three years to two. Therefore, once an issuer is identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for two consecutive years, the SEC is required under the HFCAA to prohibit the trading of the issuer’s securities on a national securities exchange and in the over-the-counter market. For more details, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—Trading in our securities may be prohibited under the

Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act or the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, if it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely our auditor, and as a result, U.S. national securities exchanges, such as Nasdaq, may determine to delist our securities.”

Fund Flows Between Jiayin Group Inc., Its Subsidiaries and the Consolidated VIE

Under PRC law, we may provide funding to our PRC subsidiaries only through capital contributions or loans, and to the consolidated VIE only through loans, subject to the satisfaction of applicable government registration and approval requirements. We rely on dividends and other distributions from our PRC subsidiaries to satisfy part of our liquidity requirement. Under the contractual arrangements among Shanghai Kunjia, the consolidated VIE, and the shareholders of the consolidated VIE, Shanghai Kunjia is entitled to substantially all of the economic benefits of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries in the form of service fees. For risks relating to the fund flows of our China operations, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental administration of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of further offerings to make loans to or make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.”

Transfer of funds between any entities in our consolidated group is subject to our cash management policy that outlines appropriate internal control procedures on the handling, depositing, receiving, transferring, safeguarding, and documentation and recording of cash assets. The finance department at the Jiayin Group Inc. level with authorized persons at each entity has the centralized responsibility for undertaking cash handling activity. Based on the dollar amount of a fund transfer and the nature of the use of funds, requisite internal approval must be obtained prior to each fund transfer: all transactions require, at a minimum, the approval of the financial controller; for certain transactions with large dollar amounts, approval of our vice president of finance, and in some instances, approval of both our vice president of finance and chief executive officer, is also required.

Assets Transfer Occurred Between the Parent, Its Subsidiaries and the Consolidated VIE

Under the Contractual Arrangements, Shanghai Kunjia provides services to the consolidated VIE and is entitled to receive service fees from the consolidated VIE in exchange. The Contractual Arrangements provide that for any fiscal quarter where the consolidated VIE records pre-tax profit, the consolidated VIE shall pay to Shanghai Kunjia a service fee at an amount equivalent to its pre-tax profit excluding service fees under U.S. GAAP after making up the accumulated losses under U.S. GAAP from prior years, subject to compliance with applicable PRC laws. Notwithstanding the foregoing, pursuant to the Contractual Arrangements, Shanghai Kunjia is entitled to adjust the service fee based on the operating status and needs for business development of the consolidated VIE, and by considering among other things, the complexity of the services, the actual costs that may be incurred to provide the services, as well as the value and comparable price on the market of such services.

For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the consolidated VIE was in an accumulated deficit position. The consolidated VIE had accumulated deficits of RMB1,130 million, RMB965 million and RMB636 million (US$89.6 million) as of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. In light of that, Shanghai Kunjia did not charge the consolidated VIE for any service fees, and consequently, the consolidated VIE had not paid any service fees to Shanghai Kunjia as of December 31, 2023. Shanghai Kunjia intends to charge the consolidated VIE for service fees after the pre-tax profit under U.S. GAAP of the consolidated VIE exceeds its accumulated losses under U.S. GAAP, pursuant to the Contractual Arrangements. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Parent company received the cash dividends from its PRC subsidiaries of nil, nil and RMB157.7 million (US$22.2 million).

We provide loans to some of our overseas subsidiaries to support their business growth. We provided loans of RMB51.0 million in aggregate to our overseas subsidiaries in Indonesia and Nigeria to extend small credit loan business to individual borrowers in 2021. We provided loans of RMB20.9 million to our overseas subsidiaries in Nigeria to extend small credit loan business to individual borrowers in 2022. We provided loans of RMB5.6 million (US$0.8 million) to our overseas subsidiaries in Nigeria to extend small credit loan business to individual borrowers in 2023. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, we did not make any capital contribution or provide any loan to our PRC subsidiaries or the consolidated VIE.

Neither the subsidiaries of the Parent nor the consolidated VIE is obligated to make dividends or distributions to the Parent under the Contractual Arrangements. As of the date of this annual report, dividends of RMB309.5 million (US$43.6 million) have been made to the Parent by the Parent’s subsidiaries.

Dividends or Distributions on Our ADSs or Class A Ordinary Shares Made to the U.S. Investors and Their Tax Consequences

Jiayin Technology paid a cash dividend of RMB400 million to its shareholders in March 2018 before entering into the Contractual Arrangements. The dividend was distributed to facilitate the delisting of Jiayin Technology from the National Equities Exchange and Quotations Co., Ltd., or the NEEQ, and to fund the settlement of related party balances.

On March 28, 2023, our board of directors, or the Board, approved and adopted a dividend policy, under which we and the VIE Group may choose to declare and distribute cash dividend twice each fiscal year, starting from 2023, at an aggregate amount of no less than 15% of the net income after tax of we and the VIE Group in the previous fiscal year on a consolidated basis. On July 10, 2023, our board of directors approved the payment of a cash dividend of US$0.10 per ordinary share, or US$0.40 per ADS ("July 2023 Dividend"). The aggregate amount of cash distributed for the July 2023 Dividend was approximately US$21.5 million. On January 8, 2024, our board of directors approved the payment of a cash dividend of US$0.10 per ordinary share, or US$0.40 per ADS ("January 2024 Dividend"). The aggregate amount of cash distributed for the January 2024 Dividend was US$21.2 million. For more details, see “Item 8. Financial Information—A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Dividend Policy.”

In addition, subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed in detail under “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—Passive Foreign Investment Company”, the gross amount of any distribution that we make to investors with respect to our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares (including any amounts withheld to reflect PRC or other withholding taxes) will be taxable as a dividend, to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under United States federal income tax principles. Furthermore, if we are considered a PRC tax resident enterprise for tax purposes, any dividends we pay to our overseas shareholders may be regarded as China-sourced income and as a result may be subject to PRC withholding tax. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders or ADS holders.” For further discussion on PRC and United States federal income tax considerations of an investment in the ADSs, see “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation.”

Restrictions on Foreign Exchange and the Ability to Transfer Cash between Entities, Across Borders and to U.S. Investors

Our cash dividends, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars. The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of mainland China. The majority of our income is received in Renminbi and shortages in foreign currencies may restrict our ability to pay dividends or other payments, or otherwise satisfy our foreign currency denominated obligations, if any. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from trade-related transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from SAFE as long as certain procedural requirements are met. Approval from appropriate government authorities is required if Renminbi is converted into foreign currency and remitted out of mainland China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC government may at its discretion, impose restrictions on access to foreign currencies for current account transactions and if this occurs in the future, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders.

Relevant PRC laws and regulations permit the PRC companies to pay dividends only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Additionally, our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE can only distribute dividends upon approval of the shareholders after they have met the PRC requirements for appropriation to the statutory reserves. As a result of these and other restrictions under the PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE are restricted to transfer a portion of their net assets to us either in the form of dividends, loans or advances. Even though we currently do not require any such dividends, loans or advances from our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE for working capital and other funding purposes, we may in the future require additional cash resources from our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE due to changes in business conditions, to fund future acquisitions and developments, or merely declare and pay dividends to or distributions to our shareholders.

For our Hong Kong subsidiary, Geerong (HK) Limited, there are no restrictions or limitations on its ability to transfer cash out of Hong Kong under the laws and regulations of Hong Kong that are in place as of the date of this annual report. However, if Geerong (HK) Limited is not able to transfer cash out of Hong Kong, we will not be able to fund operations in other regions or have it available to distribute to our investors.

As of the date of this annual report, we have not had difficulties in transferring cash between any entities in our consolidated group whether in the form of dividends or payments of intercompany obligations.

For a diagram illustrating the typical fund flow among Jiayin Group Inc., our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE, see “Item 3. Key Information—Restrictions on Foreign Exchange and the Ability to Transfer Cash between Entities, Across Borders and to U.S. Investors.”

For a condensed consolidating schedule depicting the financial position, cash flow and results of operations for the Parent, the consolidated VIE, and any eliminating adjustments separately, see “Item 3. Key Information—Condensed Consolidation Schedule.”

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not applicable.

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

The Consolidated VIE and China Operations

Jiayin Group Inc. is a Cayman Islands holding company primarily operating in China through (i) its PRC subsidiaries, including Shanghai Kunjia and Chuangzhen Technology and its subsidiaries, in which we hold equity ownership interests, and (ii) contractual arrangements among(x) Shanghai Kunjia, (y) the consolidated VIE, namely, Jiayin Technology, and (z) the shareholders of the consolidated VIE. We do not own any equity interest in Jiayin Technology. Investors in the ADSs thus are not purchasing, and may never hold, equity interests in the Jiayin Technology. PRC laws, regulations, and rules restrict and impose conditions on direct foreign investment in China-based companies that engage in certain types of business, and we therefore operate these businesses in China through the VIE structure which provides investors with exposure to foreign investment in the Chinese operating companies.

We’ve determined that we control Jiayin Technology for financial reporting purpose in accordance with the contractual arrangements. In June 2018, Shanghai Kunjia entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Jiayin Technology and its shareholders, allowing us to exercise effective control over Jiayin Technology. These agreements or their forms include:(i) an exclusive consultation and service agreement, which enables us to receive substantially all of the economic benefits of Jiayin Technology and its subsidiaries, (ii) powers of attorney and an equity pledge agreement, which provide us with effective control over Jiayin Technology, and (iii) an exclusive call option agreement, which provides us with the option to purchase all of the equity interests in Jiayin Technology. For more details of these contractual arrangements, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure—Contractual Arrangements among Shanghai Kunjia, Jiayin Technology and the Shareholders of Jiayin Technology.”

However, control through these contractual arrangements may be less effective than direct ownership, and we could face heightened risks and costs in enforcing these contractual arrangements, because there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, regulations, and rules relating to these contractual arrangements, and these contractual arrangements have not been tested in a court of law. If the PRC government finds such agreements non-compliant with relevant PRC laws, regulations, and rules, or if these laws, regulations, and rules or the interpretation thereof change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our beneficial interest in Jiayin Technology or forfeit our rights under the contractual arrangements. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the newly enacted Foreign Investment Law of the PRC and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations,” “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—If the PRC government deems that the Contractual Arrangements in relation to Jiayin Technology do not comply with PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our beneficial interest in those operations,” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—We rely on Contractual Arrangements with Jiayin Technology and shareholders of Jiayin Technology for a significant portion of our business operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control, and these contractual arrangements have not been tested in a court of law.”

The following diagram illustrates the corporate structure of us and the consolidated VIE, including the names, places of incorporation and the proportion of ownership interests in our and the consolidated VIE’s significant subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries as of the date of this annual report:

Fund Flows Between Jiayin Group Inc., Its Subsidiaries and the Consolidated VIE

Under PRC law, we may provide funding to our PRC subsidiaries only through capital contributions or loans, and to the consolidated VIE only through loans, subject to the satisfaction of applicable government registration and approval requirements. We rely on dividends and other distributions from our PRC subsidiaries to satisfy part of our liquidity requirement. Under the contractual arrangements among Shanghai Kunjia, the consolidated VIE, and the shareholders of the consolidated VIE, Shanghai Kunjia is entitled to substantially all of the economic benefits of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries in the form of service fees.

For risks relating to the fund flows of our China operations, you should carefully consider the risks described under “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China” including, but not limited to, the following:

For a condensed consolidating schedule depicting the financial position, cash flow and results of operations for the Parent, the consolidated VIE, and any eliminating adjustments separately, see “Item 3. Key Information—Condensed Consolidation Schedule”.

Transfer of funds between any entities in our consolidated group is subject to our cash management policy that outlines appropriate internal control procedures on the handling, depositing, receiving, transferring, safeguarding, and documentation and recording of cash assets. The finance department at the Jiayin Group Inc. level with authorized persons at each entity has the centralized responsibility for undertaking cash handling activity. Based on the dollar amount of a fund transfer and the nature of the use of funds, requisite internal approval must be obtained prior to each fund transfer: all transactions require, at a minimum, the approval of the financial controller; for certain transactions with large dollar amounts, approval of our vice president of finance, and in some instances, approval of both our vice president of finance and chief executive officer, is also required.

Assets Transfer Occurred Between the Parent, Its Subsidiaries and the Consolidated VIE

Under the Contractual Arrangements, Shanghai Kunjia provides services to the consolidated VIE and is entitled to receive service fees from the consolidated VIE in exchange. The Contractual Arrangements provide that for any fiscal quarter where the consolidated VIE records pre-tax profit, the consolidated VIE shall pay to Shanghai Kunjia a service fee at an amount equivalent to its pre-tax profit excluding service fees under U.S. GAAP after making up the accumulated losses under U.S. GAAP from prior years, subject to compliance with applicable PRC laws. Notwithstanding the foregoing, pursuant to the Contractual Arrangements, Shanghai Kunjia is entitled to adjust the service fee based on the operating status and needs for business development of the consolidated VIE, and by considering among other things, the complexity of the services, the actual costs that may be incurred to provide the services, as well as the value and comparable price on the market of such services.

For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the consolidated VIE was in an accumulated deficit position. The consolidated VIE had accumulated deficits of RMB1,130 million, RMB965 million and RMB636 million (US$89.6 million) as of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. In light of that, Shanghai Kunjia did not charge the consolidated VIE for any service

fees, and consequently, the consolidated VIE had not paid any service fees to Shanghai Kunjia as of December 31, 2023. Shanghai Kunjia intends to charge the consolidated VIE for service fees after the pre-tax profit under U.S. GAAP of the consolidated VIE exceeds its accumulated losses under U.S. GAAP, pursuant to the Contractual Arrangements. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Parent company received the cash dividends from its PRC subsidiaries of nil, nil and RMB157.7 million (US$22.2 million).

We provide loans to some of our overseas subsidiaries to support their business growth. We provided loans of RMB51 million in aggregate to our overseas subsidiaries in Indonesia and Nigeria to extend small credit loan business to individual borrowers in 2021. We provided loans of RMB20.9 million to our overseas subsidiaries in Nigeria to extend small credit loan business to individual borrowers in 2022. We provided loans of RMB5.6 million (US$0.8 million) to our overseas subsidiaries in Nigeria to extend small credit loan business to individual borrowers in 2023. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, we did not make any capital contribution or provide any loan to our PRC subsidiaries or the consolidated VIE.

Neither the subsidiaries of the Parent nor the consolidated VIE is obligated to make dividends or distributions to the Parent under the Contractual Arrangements. As of the date of this annual report, dividends of RMB309.5 million (US$43.6 million) have been made to the Parent by the Parent’s subsidiaries.

Restrictions on Foreign Exchange and the Ability to Transfer Cash between Entities, Across Borders and to U.S. Investors

Jiayin Technology paid a cash dividend of RMB400 million to its shareholders in March 2018 before entering into the Contractual Arrangements. The dividend was distributed to facilitate the delisting of Jiayin Technology from the National Equities Exchange and Quotations Co., Ltd., or the NEEQ, and to fund the settlement of related party balances.

Jiayin Group Inc. has not previously declared or paid cash dividends on our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares. On March 28, 2023, our Board approved and adopted a dividend policy, under which the Company may choose to declare and distribute cash dividend twice each fiscal year, starting from 2023, at an aggregate amount of no less than 15% of the net income after tax of the Company in the previous fiscal year on a consolidated basis. For more details, see “Item 8. Financial Information—A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Dividend Policy.”

In addition, subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed in detail under “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—Passive Foreign Investment Company”, the gross amount of any distribution that we make to investors with respect to our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares (including any amounts withheld to reflect PRC or other withholding taxes) will be taxable as a dividend, to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under United States federal income tax principles. Furthermore, if we are considered a PRC tax resident enterprise for tax purposes, any dividends we pay to our overseas shareholders may be regarded as China-sourced income and as a result may be subject to PRC withholding tax. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders or ADS holders.” For further discussion on PRC and United States federal income tax considerations of an investment in the ADSs, see “Item 10—Additional Information—E. Taxation.”

Restrictions on Foreign Exchange and the Ability to Transfer Cash between Entities, Across Borders and to U.S. Investors

Our cash dividends, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars. The PRC government imposes administrative measures on the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of mainland China. The majority of our income is received in Renminbi and shortages in foreign currencies may restrict our ability to pay dividends or other payments, or otherwise satisfy our foreign currency denominated obligations, if any. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from trade-related transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from SAFE as long as certain procedural requirements are met. Approval from appropriate government authorities is required if Renminbi is converted into foreign currency and remitted out of mainland China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC government may, impose administrative measures on access to foreign currencies for current account transactions and if this occurs in the future, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders.

Relevant PRC laws and regulations permit the PRC companies, such as our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE, to pay dividends only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Each of our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE that is in retained earnings position as of the end of each year is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds until such reserve funds reach 50% of its registered capital. The aforementioned registered capital refers to the total amount of share capital subscribed by all shareholders or the

amount of capital contribution made by all shareholders, as registered with the registration authority. Furthermore, each of our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to a discretionary surplus fund at their discretion. The statutory reserve funds and the discretionary surplus funds are not distributable as cash dividends. After our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE have generated retained earnings and met the requirements for appropriation to the statutory reserves and until such reserves reach 50% of its registered capital, respectively, our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE can distribute dividends upon approval of the shareholders. As a result of these and other restrictions under the PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE are restricted to transfer a portion of their net assets to us either in the form of dividends, loans or advances. Even though we currently do not require any such dividends, loans or advances from our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE for working capital and other funding purposes, we may in the future require additional cash resources from our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE due to changes in business conditions, to fund future acquisitions and developments, or merely declare and pay dividends to or distributions to our shareholders.

For our Hong Kong subsidiary, Geerong (HK) Limited, there are no restrictions or limitations on its ability to transfer cash out of Hong Kong under the laws and regulations of Hong Kong that are in place as of the date of this annual report. However, if Geerong (HK) Limited is not able to transfer cash out of Hong Kong, we will not be able to fund operations in other regions or have it available to distribute to our investors.

As of the date of this annual report, we have not had difficulties in transferring cash between any entities in our consolidated group whether in the form of dividends or payments of intercompany obligations.

The following diagram illustrates the typical fund flow among Jiayin Group Inc., our PRC subsidiaries, and the consolidated VIE.

Condensed Consolidation Schedule

The following tables set forth the summary consolidated balance sheets data as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 of (i) the Parent, (ii) the WFOE, (iii) the other subsidiaries of the Parent inside and outside mainland China, separately, and (iv) the VIE Group, and the summary of the consolidated statement of income and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022 and 2023 Our and the VIE Group’s consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or U.S. GAAP except that the equity method has been used to account for investments in subsidiaries and VIE. Our and the VIE Group’s historical results are not necessarily indicative of results expected for future periods. You should read this information together with our and the VIE Group’s consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” included elsewhere in this annual report.

* Intercompany balances resulted from regular transactions in the business operations of the entities, and no service fees were charged by Shanghai Kunjia.

* Intercompany balances resulted from regular transactions in the business operations of the entities, and no service fees were charged by Shanghai Kunjia.